References: HR guide
Introduction
References can cause difficulties for employers. In this guide I set out some of the key issues to consider.
Seeking a reference
Generally, there is no legal obligation to request a reference for a prospective employee and businesses are free to employ someone without obtaining a reference. However, usually it is sensible to make a job offer conditional upon receipt of at least one satisfactory reference.
When an offer is conditional upon receiving a satisfactory reference and then a bad one is provided the employer could withdraw the offer even if the employee has started employment. If the offer was not conditional the employer would have to provide adequate notice.
If a candidate is carrying out certain functions for an organisation authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) or Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), the firm will be required to obtain references from previous employers. The information sought will depend on the type of role (see below).
Providing a reference
Generally, employers do not have a legal obligation to provide a reference. However, there are some exceptions.
Organisations must ensure that if no reference is provided they are not discriminating against a person because of protected characteristics (such as race, age, sex or disability). Any reference policy should be applied consistently. Also, if a person has made allegations of discrimination, brought discrimination proceedings or given evidence or other information they must not be victimised as a result.
In the case of FCA authorised firms recruiting people carrying out “controlled functions”, there is a general duty on employers to provide relevant information to ensure that the person is fit and proper for the role.
In the case of FCA/PRA authorised firms recruiting persons in senior management positions and “significant harm” functions under the certification regimes, there are more onerous obligations relating to requests and the provision of information. These requirements came into effect on 7 March 2017.
An employer may be under an obligation to provide an agreed reference as part of a settlement agreement.
General duty when providing a reference
In many sectors it has become increasingly common to provide only basic factual references. The reference would include dates of employment and job title.
In terms of duty to the ex-employee, if a reference is given it must be true, accurate and fair and must not give a misleading impression. The ex-employee must also not be discriminated against.
In terms of duty to the recipient, if a reference is given it must not be misleading.
References and data protection
The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has provided guidance stating that given the unequal bargaining power between the employer and the employee, employers will find it difficult to rely on consent. Although consent may suffice and should be obtained before providing a reference, businesses may also have to identify another legitimate basis for processing data, such as the processing being necessary for the purposes of the the legitimate interests of a third party.
Employers need to be aware of all the GDPR data protection principles and their obligations.
This guide is intended for guidance only and should not be relied upon for specific advice.
If you need any advice on references or have queries relating to other employment law issues please do not hesitate to contact me on 020 3797 1264.
Do check mattgingell.com regularly for updated information.
